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DNA ke motheo oa bophelo bohle ba baeloji 'me e qalile ho fumanoa ka 1869 ke setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Switzerland, Friedrich Miescher.Lilemo tse lekholo tsa litšibollo tse ntseng li eketseha li ile tsa etsa hore James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin le Maurice Wilkins ka 1953 ba hlahise mofuta oa “double helix” o tsebahalang hona joale, o nang le liketane tse peli tse hokahaneng.Ka kutloisiso ea ho qetela ea sebopeho sa DNA, ho ile ha nka lilemo tse ling tse 50 pele genome e felletseng ea motho e hlophisoa ka 2003 ke Human Genome Project.
Tatelano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho qalong ea lilemo tse sekete ke phetoho e khōlō kutloisisong ea rōna ea baeloji ea motho.Qetellong, re ka bala moralo oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa tlhaho.
Ho tloha ka nako eo, theknoloji eo re ka e sebelisang ho bala liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho e tsoetse pele ka potlako.Ho ile ha nka lilemo tse 13 ho latellana ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa pele, ho bolelang hore lithuto tse ngata tsa saense li ne li shebane feela le likarolo tse itseng tsa DNA.Hona joale lefutso lohle la motho le ka tatellanoa ka letsatsi le le leng.Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ena ea tatellano e entse hore ho be le liphetoho tse khōlō matleng a rōna a ho utloisisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho.Lipatlisiso tse khōlō tsa saense li ntlafalitse kutloisiso ea rōna ea kamano pakeng tsa likarolo tse itseng tsa DNA (liphatsa tsa lefutso) le tse ling tsa litšobotsi le litšobotsi tsa rōna.Leha ho le joalo, tšusumetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso litšobotsing tse sa tšoaneng ke ntho e rarahaneng haholo: e mong le e mong oa rona o na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka bang 20,000 tse sebetsang ka marang-rang a rarahaneng a amang mekhoa ea rona.
Ho fihlela joale, sepheo sa lipatlisiso e bile ka bophelo bo botle le maloetse, 'me maemong a mang re hatetse pele haholo.Ke moo genomics e bang sesebelisoa sa mantlha kutloisisong ea rona ea bophelo bo botle le tsoelo-pele ea mafu.Mafaratlhatlha a UK a etelletseng pele lefats'eng la genomics a e beha ka pele ho lefats'e mabapi le data ea genomic le lipatlisiso.
Sena se bonahetse ho pholletsa le seoa sa COVID, 'me UK e etelletse pele tatellanong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa vaerase ea SARS-CoV-2.Genomics e mothating oa ho ba tšiea ea mantlha ea tsamaiso ea bophelo bo botle ea UK.E lokela ho fana ka ts'ebetso ea pele ea mafu, tlhahlobo ea mafu a sa tloaelehang a lefutso le ho thusa ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho batho.
Bo-rasaense ba utloisisa hamolemo kamoo DNA ea rōna e amanang le litšobotsi tse ngata tse fapaneng likarolong tse ling ntle le bophelo bo botle, tse kang mosebetsi, lipapali le thuto.Patlisiso ena e sebelisitse meralo ea motheo ea genomic e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa bophelo bo botle, ho fetola kutloisiso ea rona ea hore na mefuta e mengata ea mekhoa ea batho e thehoa le ho ntlafatsoa joang.Le hoja tsebo ea rona ea genomic ea mekhoa e sa pheleng e ntse e hōla, e salla morao haholo ka mekhoa e metle.
Menyetla le liphephetso tseo re li bonang ho genomics ea bophelo bo botle, joalo ka tlhokahalo ea tlhabollo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa ha tlhahlobo e fana ka tlhahisoleseding e lekaneng ho lokafatsa tšebeliso ea eona, e bula fensetere ka bokamoso bo ka bang teng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tseo e seng tsa bophelo bo botle.
Ntle le ts'ebeliso e eketsehileng ea tsebo ea genomic lefapheng la tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea batho e ntse e hlokomela tsebo ea genomic ka lik'hamphani tse ikemetseng tse fanang ka litšebeletso tse tobileng ho bareki.Ka tefiso, lik'hamphani tsena li fa batho monyetla oa ho ithuta ka litloholo tsa bona le ho fumana lintlha tsa genomic mabapi le mefuta e mengata ea litšobotsi.
Tsebo e ntseng e eketseha e tsoang liphuputsong tsa machaba e nolofalelitse tsoelo-pele e atlehileng ea theknoloji e ncha, 'me ho nepahala hoo re ka bolelang litšobotsi tsa batho ho tsoa ho DNA ho ntse ho eketseha.Ntle le kutloisiso, hona joale hoa khoneha ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso tse itseng.
Le hoja genomics e na le monyetla oa ho fetola likarolo tse ngata tsa sechaba, tšebeliso ea eona e ka tla le likotsi tsa boitšoaro, data le ts'ireletso.Boemong ba naha le ba machaba, tšebeliso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e laoloa ke litataiso tse 'maloa tsa boithaopo le melao e mengata e akaretsang eseng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa genomics, joalo ka Molao oa Kakaretso oa Tšireletso ea Boitsebiso.Ha matla a liphatsa tsa lefutso a ntse a hōla 'me tšebeliso ea eona e ntse e eketseha, mebuso e ntse e tobana le khetho ea hore na mokhoa ona o tla tsoela pele ho kopanya ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng liphatsa tsa lefutso sechabeng.Ho sebelisa matla a fapaneng a UK ho lipatlisiso tsa motheo le tsa genomics ho tla hloka boiteko bo kopanetsoeng ho tsoa ho mmuso le indasteri.
Haeba u ne u ka tseba hore na ngoana oa hao a ka ipabola lipapaling kapa thutong, na u ne u tla etsa joalo?
Tsena ke tse ling tsa lipotso tseo re ka ’nang ra tobana le tsona nakong e tlang e haufi ha saense ea genomic e re fa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng mabapi le lefutso la motho le karolo eo e e bapalang ho susumetsa mekhoa le boitšoaro ba rōna.
Boitsebiso ka genome ea motho—e leng tatellano ea eona e ikhethang ea deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)—e se e ntse e sebelisoa ho etsa tlhahlobo e itseng ea bongaka le ho etsa hore phekolo e be ea botho.Empa re boetse re qala ho utloisisa hore na genome e ama mekhoa le boitšoaro ba batho ba fetang bophelo bo botle joang.
Ho se ho ntse ho e-na le bopaki ba hore genome e susumetsa mekhoa e seng ea bophelo bo botle e kang ho ipeha kotsing, ho etsa lintho le tšebeliso.Ha re ntse re ithuta ho eketsehileng ka hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso li ama litšobotsi life, re ka bolela esale pele hamolemo hore na ho ka etsahala hore ebe motho o tla hlaolela litšobotsi tseo ho latela tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Sena se hlahisa lipotso tse ’maloa tsa bohlokoa.Boitsebiso boo bo sebelisoa joang?See se bolela'ng ho sechaba sa rona?Ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore maano a fetoloe joang makaleng a fapaneng?Na re hloka taolo e eketsehileng?Re tla sebetsana joang le litaba tsa boitšoaro tse hlahisitsoeng, ho sebetsana le likotsi tsa khethollo le litšokelo tse ka bang teng boinotšing?
Le ha tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso li kanna tsa se ke tsa etsahala ka nako e khuts'oane kapa e mahareng, mekhoa e mecha ea ho sebelisa tlhaiso-leseling ea genomic e ntse e hlahlojoa kajeno.Sena se bolela hore joale ke nako ea ho bolela esale pele tšebeliso ea nakong e tlang ea genomics.Hape re lokela ho nahana ka liphello tse ka hlahang haeba litšebeletso tsa genomic li ka fumaneha ho sechaba pele saense e se e hlile e loketse.Sena se tla re lumella ho nahana ka nepo menyetla le likotsi tseo lits'ebetso tsena tse ncha tsa genomics li ka li hlahisang le ho etsa qeto ea hore na re ka etsa eng ho arabela.
Tlaleho ena e hlahisa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho batho bao e seng litsebi, e hlahloba hore na saense e bile teng joang, 'me e leka ho nahana ka phello ea eona mafapheng a fapaneng.Tlaleho e sheba se ka etsahalang hona joale le se ka etsahalang nakong e tlang, 'me e hlahloba moo matla a genomics a ka 'nang a lekanngoa ho feta tekano.
Genomics hase feela taba ea leano la bophelo bo botle.Sena se ka ama libaka tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa maano, ho tloha thutong le toka ea botlokotsebe ho isa mosebetsing le inshorense.Tlaleho ena e shebane le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho bao e seng tsa bophelo bo botle.O boetse o ntse a hlahloba tšebeliso ea genome temong, ecology le bioloji ea maiketsetso ho utloisisa bophara ba ts'ebeliso ea eona libakeng tse ling.
Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba seo re se tsebang ka genomics ea batho e tsoa liphuputsong tse hlahlobang karolo ea eona bophelong bo botle le maloetse.Bophelo bo botle hape ke sebaka seo ho sona ho ntseng ho etsoa likopo tse ngata.Ke moo re tla qala, mme Dikgaolo 2 le 3 di hlahisa mahlale le ntshetsopele ya genomics.Sena se fana ka moelelo oa lefapha la genomics mme se fana ka tsebo ea tekheniki e hlokahalang ho utloisisa hore na genomics e ama libaka tseo e seng tsa bophelo bo botle joang.Babali ba se nang tsebo ea tekheniki ba ka tlola kenyelletso ena ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng likhaolong tsa 4, 5, le 6, tse hlahisang litaba tsa mantlha tsa tlaleho ena.
Ke khale batho ba khahliloe ke liphatsa tsa rona tsa lefutso le karolo eo e e bapalang sebopehong sa rona.Re batla ho utloisisa hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso li ama litšobotsi tsa rōna tsa ’mele joang, bophelo bo botle, botho ba rōna, litšobotsi le bokhoni ba rōna joang, le hore na li sebelisana joang le tšusumetso ea tikoloho.
£ 4 limilione tse likete, lilemo tse 13 tsa litšenyehelo le nako ea ho hlahisa tatellano ea pele ea genome ea motho (litšenyehelo tse fetotsoeng ke theko ea lichelete).
Genomics ke thuto ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lintho tse phelang - tatelano ea tsona e felletseng ea DNA - le kamoo liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa rona li sebetsang 'moho lits'ebetsong tsa rona tsa tlhaho.Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, thuto ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka kakaretso e ne e lekanyelitsoe ho hlokomeloa ha mafahla ho ithuta karolo ea lefutso le tikoloho litšobotsing tsa 'mele le boitšoaro (kapa "tlhaho le kholiso").Leha ho le joalo, bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-2000 ho ne ho tšoauoa ka khatiso ea pele ea genome ea motho le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea genomic e potlakileng le e theko e tlaase.
Mekhoa ena e bolela hore bafuputsi ba ka qetella ba ithuta khoutu ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka ho toba, ka theko e tlaase haholo le nako.Tatellano eohle ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho, e neng e nka lilemo 'me e bitsa limilione tse likete tsa liponto, hona joale e nka nako e ka tlaase ho letsatsi 'me e bitsa £800 [mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe 1].Hona joale bafuputsi ba ka hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho ba makholo kapa ba hokela ho libanka tsa bioloji tse nang le tlhahisoleseling mabapi le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho ba likete.Ka lebaka leo, data ea genomic e ntse e bokelloa ka bongata bakeng sa ho sebelisoa lipatlisisong.
Ho fihlela joale, genomics e ntse e sebelisoa haholo-holo litabeng tsa bophelo bo botle le lipatlisiso tsa bongaka.Mohlala, ho tsebahatsa boteng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tse nang le bokooa, joalo ka mofuta oa BRCA1 o amanang le mofetše oa matsoele.Sena se ka 'na sa lumella phekolo ea pele ea thibelo, e neng e ke ke ea khoneha ntle le tsebo ea genome.Leha ho le joalo, ha kutloisiso ea rōna ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ntse e ntlafala, ho ’nile ha hlaka le ho feta hore tšusumetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e fetela ka ’nģane ho bophelo bo botle le maloetse.
Lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng, tabatabelo ea ho utloisisa sebōpeho sa liphatsa tsa rōna tsa lefutso e tsoetse pele haholo.Re qala ho utloisisa sebōpeho le tšebetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, empa ho sa ntsane ho e-na le ho hongata hoo re lokelang ho ithuta tsona.
Re tsebile ho tloha ka bo-1950 hore tatellano ea DNA ea rona ke khoutu e nang le litaelo tsa kamoo lisele tsa rona li etsang liprotheine.Mofuta o mong le o mong oa lefutso o lumellana le protheine e fapaneng e khethollang litšobotsi tsa ntho e phelang (joaloka 'mala oa mahlo kapa boholo ba lipalesa).DNA e ka susumetsa litšobotsi ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng: phatsa e le 'ngoe ea lefutso e ka khetholla tšobotsi (ka mohlala, mofuta oa mali oa ABO), liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata li ka sebetsa ka tumellano (mohlala, khōlo ea letlalo le mebala), kapa liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso li ka kopana, tsa pata tšusumetso ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng. liphatsa tsa lefutso.liphatsa tsa lefutso.liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ling (joaloka lefatla le 'mala oa moriri).
Litšobotsi tse ngata li susumetsoa ke ketso e kopantsoeng ea likarolo tse ngata (mohlomong tse likete) tsa likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa DNA.Empa liphetoho tsa DNA ea rona li baka liphetoho liprotheine, tse ka lebisang ho feto-fetoha ha mekhoa.Ke eona mokhanni ea ka sehloohong oa ho fetoha ha likokoana-hloko, mefuta-futa le maloetse.Liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka fa motho monyetla kapa bofokoli, e be liphetoho tse sa nke lehlakore, kapa tsa se be le phello ho hang.Li ka fetisoa ka malapa kapa tsa tsoa kemolong.Leha ho le joalo, haeba ba e-ba batho ba baholo, hangata sena se lekanyetsa ho kopana ha bona le batho ka bomong ho e-na le bana ba bona.
Ho fapana ha litšobotsi ho ka boela ha susumetsoa ke mekhoa ea epigenetic.Ba ka laola hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso lia buloa kapa lia tima.Ho fapana le liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, li khona ho khutlisetsoa morao 'me ka karolo e 'ngoe li itšetlehile ka tikoloho.Sena se bolela hore ho utloisisa sesosa sa tšobotsi hase feela taba ea ho ithuta hore na tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ama tšobotsi ka 'ngoe.Hoa hlokahala ho nahana ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ka mokhoa o pharaletseng, ho utloisisa marang-rang le litšebelisano ho pholletsa le genome, hammoho le karolo ea tikoloho.
Theknoloji ea Genomic e ka sebelisoa ho fumana tatellano ea lefutso ea motho ka mong.Mekhoa ena e se e sebelisoa haholo lithutong tse ngata 'me e ntse e tsoela pele ho fanoa ke lik'hamphani tsa khoebo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle kapa ea baholo-holo.Mekhoa e sebelisoang ke lik'hamphani kapa bafuputsi ho fumana hore na motho o laola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho e mong joang, empa ho fihlela morao tjena, mokhoa o bitsoang DNA microarraying o ne o sebelisoa haholo.Microarrays e lekanya likarolo tsa genome ea motho ho fapana le ho bala tatellano eohle.Ho latela nalane, li-microchips li bile bonolo, li potlakile ebile li le theko e tlase ho feta mekhoa e meng, empa ts'ebeliso ea tsona e na le mefokolo e itseng.
Hang ha lintlha li bokelloa, li ka ithutoa ka tekanyo e kholo ho sebelisoa lithuto tsa genome-wide association (kapa GWAS).Lithuto tsena li batla mefuta e fapaneng ea lefutso e amanang le litšobotsi tse itseng.Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, esita le liphuputso tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li senotse karoloana feela ea liphello tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thehiloeng litšobotsing tse ngata ha li bapisoa le seo re ka se lebellang ho tsoa lithutong tsa mafahla.Ho hloleha ho tsebahatsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsohle tse amehang bakeng sa tšobotsi ho tsejoa e le bothata ba "missing heritability".[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe 2]
Leha ho le joalo, bokhoni ba GWAS ba ho khetholla mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e amanang le eona e ntlafala ka boitsebiso bo bongata, kahoo bothata ba ho hloka matla a tlhaho bo ka rarolloa ha boitsebiso bo bongata ba genomic bo bokelloa.
Ho phaella moo, ha litšenyehelo li ntse li theoha 'me theknoloji e ntse e ntlafala, bafuputsi ba ntseng ba eketseha ba sebelisa mokhoa o bitsoang whole genome sequencing ho e-na le microarrays.Sena se bala tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka kotloloho ho fapana le tatellano e sa fellang.Tatelano e ka hlola mefokolo e mengata e amanang le li-microarrays, e bakang lintlha tse ngata tse rutang.Lintlha tsena li boetse li thusa ho fokotsa bothata ba ho se be le lefa, ho bolelang hore re qala ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka hore na ke liphatsa tsa lefutso life tse sebetsang hammoho ho susumetsa litšobotsi.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, pokello e kholo ea tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e reriloeng hajoale molemong oa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba e tla fana ka li-database tse ruileng le tse tšepahalang bakeng sa lipatlisiso.Sena se tla tsoela ba ithutang ka mekhoa e metle le e sa pheleng hantle.
Ha re ntse re ithuta haholoanyane ka hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso li ama litšobotsi joang, re ka bolela esale pele hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fapaneng li ka sebetsa hammoho joang bakeng sa tšobotsi e itseng.Sena se etsoa ka ho kopanya litlamorao tse tsoang ho liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata ho isa tekanyong e le 'ngoe ea boikarabello ba liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse tsejoang e le lintlha tsa polygenic.Lipalo tsa Polygenic li na le ho bolela esale pele ka nepo monyetla oa motho oa ho ba le tšobotsi ho feta matšoao a lefutso.
Lipalo tsa Polygenic hajoale li ntse li tsebahala liphuputsong tsa bophelo bo botle ka sepheo sa hore letsatsi le le leng li li sebelise ho tataisa mehato ea bongaka boemong ba motho ka mong.Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa polygenic li lekanyelitsoe ke GWAS, kahoo ba bangata ha ba e-s'o ka ba bolela esale pele litšobotsi tsa bona tse lebisitsoeng ka nepo, 'me lintlha tsa polygenic bakeng sa kholo li finyella feela 25% e nepahetseng ea ho bolela esale pele.[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe] Sena se bolela hore matšoao a mang a ka 'na a se ke a nepahala joaloka mekhoa e meng ea ho hlahloba mafu e kang liteko tsa mali kapa MRI.Leha ho le joalo, ha data ea genomic e ntlafala, ho nepahala ha likhakanyo tsa polygenicity le hona ho lokela ho ntlafala.Nakong e tlang, lintlha tsa polygenic li ka fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le kotsi ea kliniki pele ho lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho hlahloba, 'me ka tsela e ts'oanang li ka sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele mekhoa e seng ea bophelo bo botle.
Empa, joalo ka mokhoa leha e le ofe, o na le mefokolo.Moeli o ka sehloohong oa GWAS ke mefuta-futa ea data e sebelisoang, e sa bontšeng mefuta-futa ea baahi ka kakaretso.Liphuputso li bontšitse hore ho fihla ho 83% ea GWAS e etsoa ka lihlopha tse tsoang Europe feela.[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe] Ho hlakile hore sena ke bothata hobane se bolela hore GWAS e ka sebetsa feela ho batho ba itseng.Ka hona, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea liteko tse boletsoeng esale pele tse thehiloeng ho liphetho tsa leeme la baahi ba GWAS li ka lebisa ho khethollo ho batho ba kantle ho baahi ba GWAS.
Bakeng sa litšoaneleho tseo e seng tsa bophelo bo botle, likhakanyo tse thehiloeng ho lintlha tsa polygenic hajoale ha li na tsebo e ngata ho feta tlhaiso-leseling e fumanehang e seng ea genomic.Ka mohlala, lintlha tsa polygenic bakeng sa ho bolela esale pele phihlello ea thuto (e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa polygenic tse teng) ha li na tsebo e ngata ho feta mehato e bonolo ea thuto ea batsoali.[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe ho 5] Matla a ho bolela esale pele a lintlha tsa polygenic a tla eketseha ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa ha sekala le mefuta-futa ea liphuputso, hammoho le liphuputso tse thehiloeng boitsebisong bohle ba tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, li ntse li eketseha.
Patlisiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e shebana le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bophelo bo botle le mafu, ho thusa ho tseba likarolo tsa genome tse amang kotsi ea mafu.Seo re se tsebang ka karolo ea genomics e itšetlehile ka lefu lena.Bakeng sa mafu a mang a lefutso le le leng, a kang lefu la Huntington, re ka bolela esale pele ka nepo monyetla oa hore motho a tšoaroe ke lefu lena ho latela boitsebiso ba bona ba genomic.Bakeng sa mafu a bakoang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata hammoho le tšusumetso ea tikoloho, e kang lefu la pelo, ho nepahala ha lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa genomic ho ne ho le tlaase haholo.Hangata, ha lefu kapa tšobotsi e rarahaneng haholoanyane, ho thata le ho feta ho utloisisa le ho bolela esale pele ka nepo.Leha ho le joalo, ho nepahala ha ponelopele ho ntlafala ha lihlopha tse ithutoang li ntse li hola le ho fapana.
UK e ka pele ho lipatlisiso tsa bophelo bo botle ba genomics.Re thehile meralo e meholohali ea theknoloji ea genomic, databases tsa lipatlisiso le matla a khomphutha.UK e kentse letsoho haholo tsebong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lefats'e, haholo nakong ea seoa sa COVID-19 ha re ne re etella pele tatellanong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa vaerase ea SARS-CoV-2 le mefuta e mecha.
Genome UK ke leano la UK la takatso e matla bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba genomic, ka NHS e kopanyang tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng ea bongaka bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mafu a sa tloaelehang, mofetše kapa mafu a tšoaetsanoang.[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe 6]
Sena se tla lebisa hape keketsehong e kholo ea palo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho tse fumanehang bakeng sa lipatlisiso.Sena se lokela ho lumella lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng le ho bula menyetla e mecha ea ts'ebeliso ea genomics.Joalo ka moetapele oa lefats'e oa nts'etsopele ea lintlha tsa genomic le meaho, UK e na le monyetla oa ho ba moetapele oa lefats'e oa melao ea boitšoaro le taolo ea mahlale a genomic.
Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Direct Consumption (DTC) li rekisetsoa bareki ka kotloloho ntle le ho kenya letsoho ho bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo.Li-swabs tsa mathe li romelloa ho ea hlahlojoa, ho fa bareki tlhahlobo ea botho kapa tlhahlobo ea semelo ka libeke tse 'maloa feela.Mmaraka ona o ntse o hola ka potlako, 'me bareki ba limilione tse mashome lefatšeng ka bophara ba fana ka lisampole tsa DNA bakeng sa tatellano ea khoebo ho fumana temohisiso ka bophelo ba bona, leloko le liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa litšobotsi tsa bona.
Ho nepahala ha li-analytics tse ling tse thehiloeng ho genome tse fanang ka litšebeletso tse tobileng ho bareki li ka ba tlase haholo.Liteko li ka ama boinotšing ba motho ka ho arolelana lintlha, ho tsebahatsa beng ka uena, le ho hloleha ho ka bang teng ho liprothokholo tsa cybersecurity.Bareki ba kanna ba se utloisise litaba tsena ka botlalo ha ba ikopanya le k'hamphani ea liteko ea DTC.
Teko ea genomic ea DTCs bakeng sa litšobotsi tseo e seng tsa bongaka le tsona ha li laoloe haholo.Ba fetela ka nģ'ane ho molao o laolang tlhahlobo ea genomic ea bongaka 'me ho e-na le hoo ba itšetlehile ka boithaopo ba boithaopo ba bafani ba liteko.Tse ngata tsa lik'hamphani tsena li thehiloe kantle ho UK mme ha li laoloe UK.
Tatelano ea DNA e na le matla a ikhethang ho saense ea forensic ho khetholla batho ba sa tsejoeng.Tlhahlobo ea motheo ea DNA e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo ho tloha ha ho qaptjoa menoana ea DNA ka 1984,' me UK National DNA Database (NDNAD) e na le litlaleho tsa botho tse limilione tse 5.7 le litlaleho tsa 631,000 tsa liketsahalo tsa tlōlo ea molao.[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe 8]
Nako ea poso: Feb-14-2023